CHAPTER 11: Neural FunctionANSWER:ANSWER:ANSWER:ANSWER:ANSWER:E) Speech difficulties1. In taking the history of a patient suspected of having bacterial meningitis, which

  

CHAPTER 11: Neural FunctionANSWER:ANSWER:ANSWER:ANSWER:ANSWER:E) Speech difficulties1. In taking the history of a patient suspected of having bacterial meningitis, which is most important for the nurse to ask?A) “Do you live in a crowded residence?” B) “When was your last tetanus vaccination?”C) “Have you had any viral infections recently?”D) “Have you traveled out of the country in the past month?”EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:2. The patient with epilepsy develops stiffening of the muscles of the arms and legs, followed by an immediate loss of consciousness and jerking of all extremities. How will the nurse document this seizure activity?A) Generalized atonic seizureB) Generalized absence seizureC) Generalized myoclonic seizureD) Generalized tonic-clonic seizureANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:3. The nurse recognizes which pathophysiologic change in the patient diagnosed with myasthenia gravis?A) The myelin sheath is destroyed by the immune system, impairing nerve impulses.B) Autoantibodies destroy dopamine receptors, impairing transmission of nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles.C) A prion destroys central nervous system tissue, causing a global degeneration.D) Autoantibodies destroy acetylcholine receptors, impairing transmission of nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles.ANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:4. The nurse correlates which process with the brain damage that results from increased intracranial pressure secondary to cerebral edema?A) Axonal shearing and tearing from displacement of the brain in the craniumB) Myelin degeneration from circulating enzymes released in areas of tissue damageC) Cerebral tissue hypoxia and ischemia from compression of blood vesselsD) Decreased cerebral perfusion from hypotension and blood lossANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:5. A nurse in the emergency department is observing a 5-year-old child for signs of increased intracranial pressure after a fall from a bicycle, resulting in head trauma. Which of the following signs or symptoms would be cause for concern? A) Inability to read short words from a distance of 18 inchesB) Signs of sleepiness at 10 p.m.C) Bulging anterior fontanelD) Repeated vomitingEXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:6. You are the charge nurse on a medical unit in an acute care hospital. Which of these interventions should you delegate to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?A) Safety teaching for a patient with Parkinson’s diseaseB) Assessing the size and depth of a pressure ulcer for a patient with encephalitisC) Regular toileting of a patient with Alzheimer’s diseaseD) Suggesting support groups to the family of a patient with Huntington diseaseANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:7. During the neurologic assessment of a patient, the nurse notes that the patient’s arms, wrists, and fingers have become flexed, and there is internal rotation and plantar flexion of the legs. How does the nurse document these findings?A) Decorticate posturingB) Decerebrate posturingC) Atypical hyperreflexiaD) Autonomic dysreflexiaEXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:8. For which clinical manifestation in the patient with a history of complex partial seizures will the nurse assess?A) AutomatismsB) Sudden muscle stiffeningC) Sudden loss of muscle toneD) Brief jerking of the extremitiesEXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:9. Which teaching intervention is most appropriate for the patient with Parkinson’s disease?A) Universal precautionsB) Seizure precautionsC) Fall precautionsD) Isometric exercisesEXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:10. In assessing a patient with injury to the temporal lobe, the nurse correlates which clinical manifestation with this damage? (Select all that apply.)A) Memory lossB) Personality changesC) Loss of temperature regulationD) Difficulty with sound interpretationANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:CHAPTER 12: MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION1. Which patient with a fracture will the nurse prioritize?A) A patient who is complaining of pain of 6 on a scale of 1 to 10B) A patient who complains of numbness in their extremityC) A patient whose affected extremity is redD) A patient who complains of being coldANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:2. Which of the following is a key feature of Paget disease?A) Progressive muscle weaknessB) Low body weight, thin buildC) Enlarged thick skullD) OsteomyelitisANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:3. A nurse witnesses a patient fall and suspects that the patient’s leg may be fractured. Which of the following actions takes priority?A) Call the healthcare provider immediately.B) Immobilize the leg before moving.C) Administer morphine for pain.D) Have the patient move the leg to assess for crepitus.ANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:4. Ankylosing spondylitis can best be described as:A) a forward rounding of the thoracic spine.B) a type of arthritis that causes the spine to stiffen and possibly fuse. C) a musculoskeletal disorder that is caused by the bite of a deer tick.D) an inflammatory disorder that causes uric acid crystals to form in a joint.ANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:5. Which of the following patients would be most at risk for scoliosis?A) 16-year-old maleB) 80-year-old maleC) 13-year-old femaleD) 70-year-old femaleANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:6. The nurse is teaching the patient about the difference between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?A) “RA is inflammatory. OA is degenerative.”B) “The risk factors or causes of RA are probably autoimmune, whereas OA may be caused by age, obesity, trauma, or occupation.”C) “The typical onset of RA is between 35 and 45 years of age, whereas the typical onset of OA is in patients older than 60 years.”D) “The disease pattern of RA is usually unilateral and in a single joint, whereas OA is usually bilateral, symmetric, and in multiple joints.”ANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:7. What is the distinguishing feature of fibromyalgia?A) Localized areas of constant painB) Joint pain and stiffness throughout the bodyC) Specific trigger points for pain and tendernessD) Degeneration and atrophy of skeletal muscles in the back and lower limbsANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:8. The clinic nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with fibromyalgia. When developing a care plan for this patient, what would be a priority nursing diagnosis?A) Impaired skin integrityB) Altered nutritionC) Disturbed sleep patternD) FatigueANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:9. The nurse is working with a patient who will be taking 20 mg of prednisone, a corticosteroid, daily for rheumatoid arthritis. Which precautions will the nurse give the patient about taking this medication?A) “Take this medication at bedtime because it will make you sleepy.”B) “Stay away from crowds or anyone who is sick.” C) “Eat a high-fiber diet with lots of lean meats.”D) “Wash your face twice a day with an antibacterial soap.”ANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:10. Which laboratory finding leads the nurse to suspect that the patient has rheumatoid arthritis rather than osteoarthritis?A) Serum creatinine of 0.9 mg/dLB) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rateC) Potassium level of 5.5 mEq/LD) ANA (antinuclear antibody) positiveANSWER:EXPLANATION about why each for them are wrong or right:      Health Science Science Nursing BI MISC Share (0)